A population is usually described as a group of a particular species that occupies the same geographical area. The interaction of a population with its environment depends on numerous factors like the characteristics of each population group and the habitat of the population.

The first characteristic of ecological population is the size, which also refers to the number of individuals in a gene pool. The population density refers to the number of individuals occupying per unit of an area. In this case, they could be clustered together, dispersed uniformly or dispersed in a random manner. The age structure is the proportions of individuals of a particular age. This could be taken as pre-reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive ages. There is also the population growth and size. The population size is dependent on certain factors such as deaths, births, emigration and immigration.

There is an exponential growth in the population when the birth rate and the death rate remain constant throughout a particular period of time. The population growth is represented mathematically in terms of formula and can also be plotted on a graph. There is also the limiting factor which refers to any resource that falls short for the population such as food, water, minerals and living space. This limiting factor will automatically affect the population growth adversely. In addition, one also has to take into account the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can sustain. If this number exceeds, the environment is adversely affected and the resources for the individuals of that species are stretched slim.

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