Properties, composition, behavior and structure of radioactive elements like radon, radium and actinides are studied under the subject of nuclear chemistry. It also deals with the equipments and instruments associated with the nuclear processes such as nuclear reactors. This involves the disintegration of the surfaces and the nature of the radioactive materials under abnormal and normal operation conditions.

There are lot of similarities between radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry. However, both the disciplines can be differentiated on the basis of the goal for which investigation is carried out. For instance, a radio chemist may use the radioactive properties of some objects to study the chemical properties and reactions.

On the other hand, a nuclear chemist may use the chemical techniques to study the nuclear properties and reactions. Identifying nuclides and determining their properties are some of the important activities that are performed by nuclear chemists. The nuclear fission and finding the radioactive elements that are naturally occurring are some of the examples of the work that are done by the nuclear chemists.

Nuclear chemistry also includes the study of the uses and manufacturing of radioactive sources for different kinds of processes such as use of radiotherapy in the applications in the medical field, using radioactive traces in the field of science, industry and environment and modifying substances like polymers using radiation. 

Some other important aspects of nuclear chemistry involve studying the mechanisms and probability of different nuclear mechanisms, spectroscopy and nuclear structure.

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