Hence, ecology defines the relationship which is shared amongst animals, plants and the biological and physical environment. In this context, the physical environment comprises of light, heat or solar radiation, wind, moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and atmosphere, and even the nutrients in soil. All kinds of organisms, plants and animals, co-existing in a common environmental region, comprise of the biological environment.

Study of ecology is dependent on studies of physics, climatology, hydrology, geology, oceanography, chemistry, and soil analysis. The behavior of animals, its taxonomy, composition, and mathematics also comprise of the ecology of an environment. However, ecology should not be confused with environmental science or programs and environmental. Even though ecology largely contributes towards study and understanding problems related to the environment, is not a part of environmental science. Ecology as a term had been introduced by Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, who was a German biologist, in the year 1866. The term is derived from a Greek word named ‘oikos’, which means household.

The term shares its roots with economics and also means the study of the economy of nature. Contemporary ecology had been developed by Charles Darwin, who had also developed the theory of evolution. Adaptation of organisms towards a particular environment takes place through natural selection. The ecologies of the world today are accountable for existence, and extinction of hundreds of creatures.

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