In this field of Sciences, Data Analysis can be defined as a methodical way of inspecting, transforming and remodeling of the data collected with an aim to highlight useful information. The process also includes cleaning of unwanted information, making decisions based on the analysis and suggesting an appropriate conclusion. Depending on the data collected and your requirement, there are diverse techniques to perform the Data Analysis process. Some of the major techniques include;

Data Mining: This particular Data Analysis technique in this branch of Science domain mainly focus on discovery of knowledge and its modeling, which is rather for predictive purposes.
Business Intelligence: This technique covers the data analysis process that is based on focusing and aggregation on the business information collected.
Statistical Data Analysis: This again can be divided into Descriptive Statistics, Confirmatory Data Analysis and Exploratory Data Analysis.

The term Data Analysis, how small it may seem to spell, but actually includes a series of processes. In general term, data analysis in social science is mainly an integration of several phases such as; Data Cleaning, Initial Data Analysis (which is determining the quality of data), Main Data Analysis (which includes answer to the main question of the research process) and finally the Final Data Analysis (which includes additional reports and analyzed data).
To brief up, Data Analysis in this branch of science is nothing related to higher mathematics, but some specialized techniques and processes to give an interesting shape to your collected information. It is only through Data Analysis in this science that your observation gets a real concrete sense.

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